How To Set A PHP Path In Linux?

How can we set PHP path in linux?
Ans : When you install PHP and host some .php files on webserver your web server will not detect it. This is because your Apache server does not know how to interprit PHP files? And and where is php located? To eleminate this issue we have to set the php path in main php configuration file php.ini located in your machine. As the linux is open source and the location of this file differs from different flavors, so better option is to search for php.ini file as shown below.

find / -iname php.ini

or some common locations for Redhat and Ubuntu are shown below

For Redhat flavors

/etc/php.ini

For Ubuntu Flavors

/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

To search for include_path and uncomment that before changes.

;include_path = ".:/usr/share/php"

After changes.

include_path = ".:/usr/share/php"

Now save and exit the file. And you have to restart the apache server to detect this settings.

For Redhat

#service httpd restart

For Ubuntu

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Now start coding in PHP and enjoy the php scripting.

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How to implement ip forwarding in Linux

IP forwarding is a concept to make Linux machine to forward data from one network to another, this is same as a router(A router is a device which is used to forward packets from one point to other point depending on the packet destination/rules etc).

Why we require IP forwarding on a Linux machine?

Ans : We require IP forwarding on a Linux machine because to make it as a router or proxy server to share one internet connection to many client machines.

Let me explain how this will work with small example.

You have 2 machines which are in different network(PC1 in 10.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 network and PC2 in 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 network) and connected with a Linux machine(which is having two network interfaces). The IP address is as follows..

PC1: 192.168.0.1/255.255.255.0 default gateway:192.168.0.2

PC2: 10.0.0.1/255.0.0.0 default gateway:10.0.0.2

Linuxbox eth0 : 192.168.0.2/255.255.255.0

eth1 : 10.0.0.2/255.0.0.0

and Linux machine is having two LAN cards which are connected to both the

machines as shown below

So do you think PC1 is capable of communicating with PC2?
Ans : The answer to this question is No.

How to make PC1 to communicate with PC2?
Ans : The answer is enable ip forwarding on Linux machine. Some times this is called as bridging two networks.

To achieve IP forwarding we have to edit /etc/sysctl.conf as shown below. Open sysctl.conf and change the value of “net.ipv4.ip-forard” from 0 to 1 and save the file

#vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip-forard = 0

to

net.ipv4.ip-forard = 1

Once its done still you are not able to ping from PC1 to PC2. We have to restart the linuxbox to take this update to kernel.

Why to restart if its a production machine try below command to make your linuxbox aware of IP forwarding with out a restart.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip-forward

Now try to ping from PC1 to PC2 which will ping successfully.

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Equivalent Tool For WINscp in Linux

Is there any tool which is equivalent to do what WINscp does in Windows?

Winscp is widely used tool in windows to access any Linux/Nix machine to transfer data(files/folders). Its look similar to FTP client such as filezilla client.

Suppose you are in Linux machine and want to mount(connect) a folder similar to WinSCP with SSH protocol, then this post is for you. This tool will work to connect http, https, ftp, samba share protocols etc.

In Linux we have one utility called nautilus to do this work.

Install natutilus

Redhat:

#yum install nautilus

Ubuntu:

#apt-get install nautilus

Try to access Nautilus as shown below in screen by screen shot manner

Go to places and the slect connect to server.

Now you can see a pop-up window which shows the service type.

Then select the protocol as ssh.

Then specify the server ip, port where ssh service is running, user name to connect, then press connect

Now it will ask for the user’s password, enter the password and connect it.

This screen shot show the remote server content.

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