As October is going to end, new OS version of well know UBUNTU is released from Canonical. And the code name of this OS is Karmic Koala. From this release UBUNTU entered in to notebook OS too. So there are three variants of UBUNTU now, which are as follows.
1.UBUNTU(Kubuntu,edubuntu etc)
2.Net-book Remix
3.Ubuntu server edition
Here are the improvements to note in this new release
1. A faster graphical booting(No more text booting if you wish, like RHEL5 provided some 2 years back.
2. ubuntu one client included for online storage of your personal files.
3. Empathy instant messenger for pidgin.
4. So many packages/software's are upgraded to newer versions such as GNOME, FireFox and kernel.
5. New software upgrading/installation tool.
6.Audio/sound management improved a lot between different applications
So how to get this new UBUNTU?
Here are the ways to get your new UBUNTU
Way1 : Try to download ISO image from Ubuntu site, then create your own UBUNTU CD and then install it.
Way2 : Try to download ISO image from torrent sites such as http://www.isohunt.com or http://www.mininova.com, or click here / official ubuntu torrent file to download torrent file.
Way4 : Just upgrade your UBUNTU from lower version, for that you have to just type the below command in graphic mode to get upgrade window.
$sudo update-manager -c -d
You may get the below error when you try to upgrade such as "Authenticating the upgrade failed. There may be a problem with the network or with the server."
To resolve this issue you have to install security keys, login with normal user execute below command $gpg
Once it says Go ahead and type your message, you can just press Ctrl-C to get back to the command prompt. Then execute again upgrade command.
Recently I was assigned to work on reverse proxies So I did some brain storming of some know proxies such as Apache and Squid then Googled to find which are other good reverse proxies are available. There are so many open source reverse proxies in market. Out of these most popular are 1.Apache(this is having lots of disadvantages)
2.Squid
3.Pound
Which reverse proxy is good? There are so many good reverse proxies some of them ar as below. Please comment on this with your favorite Reverse proxy servers.
Let us have a look on some proxies. 1.Lighttpd (pronounced "lighty" or "Light-TPD") is a web server designed to be secure, fast, standards-compliant and flexible while being optimized for speed-critical environments. Its low memory footprint (compared to other web servers), light CPU load and speed goals make lighttpd suitable for servers that are suffering load problems, or for serving static media separately from dynamic content. Run by many companies where requests are high. Lighttpd is used by some of the biggest websites, including sites such as meebo. Wikimedia runs Lighttpd servers as does SourceForge. Three of the most famous torrent listing websites, the Pirate Bay, Mininova and ISOHunt, which have more than 1,000 hits per second, also use Lighttpd.
Some Features: 1. Load-balancing FastCGI, SCGI and HTTP proxy support
2. Chroot support
3. Select()-/poll()-/epoll() based web server
4. Support for more efficient event notification schemes like kqueue and epoll
5. Conditional rewrites (mod_rewrite)
6. SSL and TLS support, via OpenSSL.
7. Authentication against an LDAP server
8. RRDtool statistics
9. Rule-based downloading with possibility of a script handling only Authentication
Server Side Includes support
10. Flexible virtual hosting
Modules support
11. Cache Meta Language (currently being replaced by mod_magnet) using the Lua programming language
12. Minimal WebDAV support
13. Servlet (AJP) support (in versions 1.5.x and up)
HTTP compression using mod_compress and the newer mod_deflate (1.5.x)
14. Light-weight (less than 1 MB)
Single-process design with only several threads. No processes or threads started per connection.
2.Nginx(pronounced as "engine X") is a lightweight, high performance
webserver/reverse proxy and e-mail (IMAP/POP3) proxy. It can serve 500 million requests per day. Currently nginx doing reverse proxy can serve over tens of millions of HTTP requests per day (that’s a few hundred per second) on a *single server*. At peak load it uses about 15MBRAM and 10% CPU. Under the same kind of load, apache falls over (after using 1000 or so processes and god knows how much RAM), pound falls over (too many threads, and using 400MB+ of RAM for all the thread stacks), and lighty *leaks* more than 20MB per hour (and uses more CPU, but not significantly more). Used by wordpress.com for high performance. 1. Handling of static files, index files and auto-indexing
2. Reverse proxy with caching
3. Load balancing
4. Fault tolerance 5. SSL support
6. FastCGI support, with caching.
7. Name- and IP-based virtual servers 8. FLV streaming
9. MP4 streaming, using the MP4 streaming module
10. Web page access authentication
11. SMTP, POP3 and IMAP proxy
12. STARTTLS support
13. SSL support
3.Pound is a lightweight open source reverse proxy program suitable to be used as a web server load balancing solution. Developed by an IT security company, it has a strong emphasis on security. Using regular expression matching on the requested URLs, Pound can pass different kinds of requests to different backend server groups. 1. Detects when a backend server fails or recovers, and bases its load balancing decisions on this information: if a backend server fails, it will not receive requests until it recovers
2. Decrypts https requests to http ones 3. Rejects incorrect requests
4. Can be used in a chroot environment
5. Has no special requirements concerning which web server software or browser to use 6. Supports virtual hosts
4.Varnish is an HTTP accelerator designed for content-heavy dynamic web sites. Good for even static content too. Varnish supports load balancing using both a round-robin and a random director, both with a per-backend weighting. Basic health-checking of back ends is also available.
5.Perlbal is a Perl-based reverse proxy load balancer and web server. The program is usually used by large web sites, to distribute the load over a number of servers. Perlbal also features a so-called "re-proxy" mechanism.
How to get the BIOS(Basic Input Output System) information and other information such as 1.Hardware
2.CPU information
3.Drivers installed in Linux machine.
For every operation/work in Linux there will be one command, this is true.(all you need to find out that command is use. Google to get it). So how to get BIOS info without rebooting the system. The command for this is dmidecode(DMI tabledecoder). Some times BIOS is called as DMI too. Just execute the command, It will just dump lots and lots of information about the sytem.
#dmidecode
To get more presised/cliped information for particular category such as only BIOS or only hardware or only RAM details or just only CPU info we have to specify the type(--tyep or -t option), here are the types list for your reference.
DMI TYPES
The SMBIOS specification defines the following DMI types:
Type Information
----------------------------------------
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes. BIOS Information Vendor : Phoenix Technologies, LTD
Version : MS7352 1.14
Release Date : 09/03/2008
Address : 0xE0000
Runtime Size : 128 kB
ROM Size : 1024 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
BIOS ROM is socketed
EDD is supported
5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
LS-120 boot is supported
ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
BIOS Revision: 1.14 Even we can specify keyword for specifying type if you forget the type number, so just type the keyword to check particular property of the styem.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes. System Information : Manufacturer : Hewlett-Packard
Product Name : HP Compaq dx7400 Microtower
Version:
Serial Number: SGH83801NJ
UUID: 809AF9C0-17F0-1310-9511-C4681D1F835D
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: GD384AV
Family: 103C_53307F
Handle 0x0024, DMI type 32, 11 bytes.
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected
