Distro's

DISTRO'S.
This is my first post on Distro's. To discuss about Distributions, there is lots and lots of information about them which is beyond this blog. But I will try to cover as much good and best distros in the market on weekly basis.

To start with.. what is a Distro actually?
A "Linux distribution" (also called GNU/Linux distribution by some vendors and users) is a member of the family of Unix-like software distributions built on top of the Linux kernel. A distro some times refferd as "Distribution" or "Flavor".

1. For General public purpose(like Ubuntu & Fedora).
2. For Corporate purpose(like Cisco Linux & Oracle Linux).
3. For Regionality purpose(like swecha Linux for People whose mother tongue is Telugu).
4. For Basic routing purpose(like Linux router project).

A distro is nothing but linux kernel(in general it is considerd as core of operating system)+Applications(such as mail clients,servers, browsers office suite etc).

Suppose if we say Redhat linux it is equal to Linux kernel developed by linus torvalds + Applications developed by Redhat people.
For your information here are some details about Distro.
There are more than 500 Distro's in Linux followed by Unix with 150 flavors then with Windows around 50

Please keep an eye on this session to see coming Distro's.

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10 Commandments !! U like it for sure!!

This is a guest post by Praveen

10 COMMANDMENTS !! U LIKE IT FOR SURE !!


=>1 People are illogical, unreasonable, and self-centered. Love them anyway.

=>2 If you do good, people will accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives. Do good anyway.

=>3 If you are successful, you will win false friends and true enemies. Succeed anyway.

=>4 The good you do today, will be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway.

=>5 Honesty and frankness make you vulnerable. Be honest and frank anyway.

=>6 The smallest men and women with the smallest minds can shoot down the biggest men and women with the biggest ideas. Think big anyway.

=>7 People favor underdogs, but follow only top dogs. Fight for a few underdogs anyway.

=>8 What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight. Build anyway.

=>9 People really need help, but may attack you if you do help them. Help people anyway.

=>10 Give the world the best you have and you’ll get kicked in the teeth. Give the world the best you have anyway.

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Monitoring users - I

MONITORING USERS-I
User-management is always one of the basic tasks for Linux administrators, here we are going to see some basics user related "Monitoring Commands".

1) "finger" is a command which will give full details about user properties such as name, login, shell what he is using etc.

Syntax:

#finger username

Example:
[root@localhost ~]# finger root
Login: root Name: root
Directory: /root Shell: /bin/bash
On since Sat Jun 6 19:20 (EDT) on tty1 4 hours 12 minutes idle
On since Sun Jun 7 02:18 (EDT) on pts/0 from :0.0
On since Sun Jun 7 03:48 (EDT) on pts/1 from :0.0
16 minutes 9 seconds idle
New mail received Sun Jun 7 04:02 2009 (EDT)
Unread since Sat Jun 6 22:17 2009 (EDT)
No Plan.

Here you can see so many user related information
one security information you can see is when he loged in last time and from where he loged in etc.

2)"id" is one more command which will show the user details such as his primary group and his secondary group.

Syntax:

#id username

Example:

[root@localhost ~]# id root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh
[root@localhost ~]#


3)"chage" is one more command which is used to see user related "threshold details" such as user disable time etc.

Syntax:

#chage -l username

Example:

[root@localhost ~]# chage -l root
Last password change : Jun 06, 2009
Password expires : never
Password inactive : never
Account expires : never
Minimum number of days between password change : 0
Maximum number of days between password change : 99999
Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
[root@localhost ~]#

4)"who" is one more command to see who other people logged in and from where they logged in.

Syntax:
#who

Example:

[root@localhost ~]# who
root tty1 2009-06-06 19:20
root pts/0 2009-06-07 02:18 (:0.0)
root pts/1 2009-06-07 03:48 (:0.0)
[root@localhost ~]#

5)"w" is one more command which is similar to "who" command but will give some more details.

Example:

[root@localhost ~]# w
06:36:49 up 11:23, 3 users, load average: 0.54, 0.38, 0.42
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root tty1 - 19:20 4:27m 0.69s 0.69s -bash
root pts/0 :0.0 02:18 0.00s 0.16s 0.02s w
root pts/1 :0.0 03:48 31:25 0.10s 0.10s bash
[root@localhost ~]#

6)"groups" is one more wonderful command which will show which user belongs to what groups, we can say its a subset of id command

Syntax:

#groups username

Example:

[root@localhost ~]# groups root
root : root bin daemon sys adm disk wheel
[root@localhost ~]#

7)"users" is one more monitoring command to see which users loged in at present in to the system

Example:

[root@localhost ~]# groups root
root : root bin daemon sys adm disk wheel
[root@localhost ~]#

Please add if you know some other user related monitoring commands.

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