How To Install Apache Server On Ubuntu Machine?

How to install an Apache Server on ubuntu machine(A debian system)?

Step1 : Check if the package is installed or not

#dpkg -l | grep apache

This dpkg -l command is similar to rpm -qa command in Redhat linux to list all the applications installed in your system.

Step2 : Install the package if you did not get any output

#apt-get install apache*

Step3 : Now start the apache service

#service apache2 restart

Step4 : On the service at booting time

#chkconfig apache2 on

Step5 : Check if the web server is running or not by accessing local host

#elinks localhost

Or

Access localhost from browser

Here is the screen shot showing the test web page when apache is installed

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The Canonical Has Released Its Latest OS "Ubuntu 10.04"

The latest Ubuntu 10.04 was launched on 29 April 2010. The codename of this operating system is “Lucid Lynx “. This new release includes the Linux kernel 2.6.32. It is a long term support edition. Which is having a brand new theme which makes it better looking than previous releases. And name of the theme is “Ambience”. It is upgraded with more than 1200 packages. This OS will boot within 10 Seconds.

Here is the link to download latest Ubuntu desktop ISO

http://www.blogger.com/www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download

The new features of Ubuntu 10.04 are :

1. Ubuntu 10.04 is having OpenOffice.org. Which is fully compatible with Microsoft Office. Where we can create documents, presentations and spread sheets. Its really good featuer to open docx and other files by default.

2. The new things in Ubuntu 10.04 is we can read and update our social networks such as Facebook, twitter using "Me" menu. And the new 10.04 Ubuntu’s music player includes an integrated store, from which we can buy and download new tracks. And one more thing is we can store the music online and listen to it from other computers and music players.

3. Ubuntu 10.04 is flexible with all types of gadgets. Where we can connect our phones and cameras to download the pictures. And we can edit the pictures also using free application. Which is available in Ubuntu Software Centre.

4. In 10.04 Ubuntu all users will get one free Ubuntu account. Where we can store our data. And access the data from anywhere of the world. With the help of “One Ubuntu”.

5. In 10.04 Ubuntu we can watch and play the videos and movies. And we can edit the videos using pitivi.

6. Ubuntu 10.04 will loads quickly on any computer. But it is super fast on new computers. And the browser will open within a fractions of seconds than compared to other OSes.

7. In Ubuntu 10.04 we are free to choose and free to use the games, puzzles and more.

The different flavours of Ubuntu are :

1. Fluxbuntu
2. Linux Mint
3. nUbuntu
4. Mythubuntu
5. Ubuntu Ultimate
6. Protech ONE
7. Edubuntu
8. OpenGEU 7.10
9. Gobuntu
10. Freespire
11. Kubuntu
12. gOS
13. xunbuntu
14. CrunchBang Linux
15. VoiceBuntu
16. Kiwi Linux
17. Ubuntu Studio
18. Scibuntu
19. Elbuntu
20. Ubuntu Lite
21. Ubuntu ES
22. Ubuntu Home Server
23. Ubuntu Mobile
24. Ubuntu Server Edition JeOS

How to install Ubuntu 10.04 on a normal desktop?

Ans : If you are upgrading your OS from Ubuntu 9.10 to Ubuntu 10.04
Step1 : Press Alt+F2

Step2 : Type update-manager –d (Without quotes) in the command box.

Step3 : Update manager will open and tell you New distribution release ’10.04’ is availabel.

Step4 : Click on upgrade and please follow the on screen instructions.

If you want to upgrade your Server from 9.10 to 10.04 :

Step1 : Install the update-manager-core package.
If the above package is not installed in the server.

Step2 : Edit /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and set
Prompt=normal;
 

Step3 : Launch the upgrade tool with the command sudo
Do-release-upgrade –d;
 
And please follow the on screen instructions.

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How To Change The Default Editor In Ubuntu

In most of the Linux distribution the defalut editor is set to “VI” and its very much popular editor too. But the strange in Ubuntu the default editor is “nano”. But most of the people are well in using vi editor. Here in this post I am going to show how to change the default editor in ubuntu(ie nano) to vi editor

To do this we have to sudo or login as root. and execute the below command.
$sudo update-alternatives --config editor

When you execute above command it will show all the editors installed in your machine, and it ask you to set the default editor by specifying number.

There are 4 choices for the alternative editor (providing /usr/bin/editor).Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0 /bin/nano 40 auto mode
1 /bin/ed -100 manual mode
2 /bin/nano 40 manual mode
3 /usr/bin/vim.basic 30 manual mode
4 /usr/bin/vim.tiny 10 manual mode
Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:
Here I want to change it to vi edioter so just enter 3 to set it as a default editor.
Here is my clipped output how I did
update-alternatives --config editor
There are 4 choices for the alternative editor (providing /usr/bin/editor).Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0 /bin/nano 40 auto mode
1 /bin/ed -100 manual mode
2 /bin/nano 40 manual mode
3 /usr/bin/vim.basic 30 manual mode4 /usr/bin/vim.tiny 10 manual mode
Press enter to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 3
update-alternatives : using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in manual mode.

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Mounting Of NFS(Network File System) On A Local Ubuntu

How to mount NFS(Network File System) on a Local Ubuntu?
Ans : As Ubuntu will not install most of the tools by default. In that NFS tool is also one.

When you try to mount NFS share using mount command, with out a client you will get the following error
mount -t nfs v-itig41:/var/data /mnt
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on v-itig41:/var/data,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
(for several filesystems (e.g. nfs, cifs) you might
need a /sbin/mount. helper program)
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg tail or so

So in order to mount NFS share in Ubuntu you require following packages.
1. portmap
2. nfs-common

Just install above two packages
#apt-get install portmap
#apt-get install nfs-common
or
#apt-get install portmap nfs-common
Reading package lists. Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information. Done

The following extra packages will be installed:
libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 librpcsecgss3

The following NEW packages will be installed:
libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 librpcsecgss3 nfs-common portmap
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 192 not upgraded.
Need to get 333kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,126kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com karmic/main libgssglue1 0.1-3 [23.6kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com karmic/main libnfsidmap2 0.21-2 [28.4kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com karmic/main librpcsecgss3 0.18-1 [32.4kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com karmic/main portmap 6.0-10ubuntu2 [37.4kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com karmic/main nfs-common 1:1.2.0-2ubuntu8 [211kB]
Fetched 333kB in 4s (80.6kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously deselected package libgssglue1.
(Reading database ... 122969 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libgssglue1 (from .../libgssglue1_0.1-3_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package libnfsidmap2.
Unpacking libnfsidmap2 (from .../libnfsidmap2_0.21-2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package librpcsecgss3.
Unpacking librpcsecgss3 (from .../librpcsecgss3_0.18-1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package portmap.
Unpacking portmap (from .../portmap_6.0-10ubuntu2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package nfs-common.
Unpacking nfs-common (from .../nfs-common_1%3a1.2.0-2ubuntu8_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for sreadahead ...
Setting up libgssglue1 (0.1-3) ...
Setting up libnfsidmap2 (0.21-2) ...
Setting up librpcsecgss3 (0.18-1) ...
Setting up portmap (6.0-10ubuntu2) ...
portmap start/running, process 4690
Setting up nfs-common (1:1.2.0-2ubuntu8) ...
Creating config file /etc/idmapd.conf with new version
Creating config file /etc/default/nfs-common with new version
Adding system user `statd' (UID 115) ...
Adding new user `statd' (UID 115) with group `nogroup' ...
Not creating home directory `/var/lib/nfs'.
statd start/running, process 4912
gssd stop/pre-start, process 4937
idmapd stop/pre-start, process 4965
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
lpconfig deferred processing now taking place
And there is no need to start/restart any service. Just try to mount your nfs share
mount -t nfs v-itig41:/var/data /mnt
root@ps6061:/etc/apache2#
now change the directory to /mnt and check your files
or
give
#cat /etc/mtab
This command will show your nfs mount share.

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Ubuntu Right Click To Open A Terminal

In most of the linux machins terminal option will be there on right clicking on desktop. But strangely in Ubuntu there is no such fecility.

For admins/power users who are using linux require terminal/console access with easy. So in this post i will show you how to right click terminal option in ubuntu. Just execute below command you terminal is there on your right click of the mouse.
apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal
Once this installed try to check if you are able to get terminal option on right clicking on desktop, if you didnot get any such option just restart the machine and check. You will get the terminal option.

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How To Access/Change Password For Root Account In Ubuntu

This post will show you how to login as root in Ubuntu

By default Ubuntu will not allow you to login as root due to security reason.

So how to login as root without knowing its password?

Ans : Here are simple steps to login as root.

Step1 : Login to normal user account

Step2 : Open a terminal and type the below command

$sudo su

Clipped output for your reference

surendra@test:~$ sudo su

[sudo] password for surendra:

root@test:/home/surendra#

So just enter your password you will get root prompt.

Step3 : Now set the password whatever you want. But try to assign a complex password with following criteria for security reasons.

root@test:/home/surendra#passwd

Follow these rules when setting a password.

1) The password should be 8 letter length

2) It should contain Alpha, numeric, symbols etc.

Please comment your thoughts regarding this post:-)

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